The European-Japanese BepiColombo spacecraft has sent back its first images of Mercury, the nearest planet to the Sun, the European Space Agency said Saturday.
The images were obtained almost three years after the unmanned mission vessel was launched aboard an Ariane 5 Rocket.
The cameras attached the BepiColombo provided black-and-white images, ESA said in a statement.
But as the spacecraft arrived on the night side of the planet, conditions were "not ideal" for taking images at its closest approach to the planet, an altitude of 199 kilometers (124 miles), so the closest was from about 1,000 kilometers.
The region shown is part of Mercury's northern hemisphere, including large craters and an area flooded by lava billions of years ago.
"The flyby was flawless from the spacecraft point of view, and it's incredible to finally see our target planet," said Elsa Montagnon, Spacecraft Operations Manager for the mission.
(ESA/BepiColombo/MTM/CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)
Above: This region is part of Mercury's northern hemisphere, including Sihtu Planitia that has been flooded by lavas. The round area that appears smoother and brighter than the rest of the space around the Calvino crater are the Rudaki Plains. The Lermontv crater is also visible. This 166-kilometer-wide crater appears bright because it contains 'hollows,' unique features to the tiny planet that allows volatile elements to escape into space.
The BepiColombo mission will study all aspects of this mysterious inner planet from its core to surface processes, magnetic field, and exosphere, "to better understand the origin and evolution of a planet close to its parent star", said the agency.
Mercury is also the only rocky planet orbiting the Sun beside our own to have a magnetic field.
Magnetic fields are generated by a liquid core but given its size, Mercury's should have grown cold and solid by now, as Mars did.
This anomaly might be due to some feature of the core's composition, something BepiColombo's instruments will measure with much greater precision than has been possible so far.
On its surface, Mercury is a planet of extremes, vacillating between hot days of about 430 degrees Celsius (more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit) to super-frosty nights of minus 180C (minus 290F).
Those days and nights last nearly three Earth months each.
Earlier missions have detected evidence of ice in the deepest recesses of the planet's polar craters.
Scientists speculate that this may have accumulated from comets crashing onto Mercury's surface.
BepiColombo is due to make five more flybys of Mercury during a complex trajectory that will also see the satellite fly past Venus and Earth.
It could not be sent directly to Mercury, as the Sun's pull is so strong that a huge braking maneuver would be needed to place the satellite successfully, requiring too much fuel for a spacecraft of this size. The mission will last for around another five years.
The gravity exerted by the Earth and Venus – known as gravitational assist – allows it to slow down 'naturally' during its journey.
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